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THE FEDERAL BUDGET PROCESS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

THE FEDERAL BUDGET PROCESS - Research Paper Example BODY 1. The History of the Federal Budget process A. Changes made to the procedure Prior to 1921 Changes made to the procedure involve how the government spending process was preceding the three laws, which oversee it today. In the first place, going before the 1921 spending plan and Accounting Act, the government spending process was at the carefulness of the Congress. The Congress settled on choices on the amount it was happy to force as duty, consumptions to be brought about, and if there was have to obtain reserves. This bill was taking for presidential highlight every year. The established government spending procedure could then be moved to the Executive branch that was presented with the obligation of its execution (Fischer, 1975). Budgetary, monetary, and financial transformative changes required the requirement for an increasingly organized government spending process. This saw the introduction of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 that was planned for organizing financial a pproaches, controlling cash flexibly, and bringing together the guideline of the financial framework (Anderson, Davis and Gullo, 2003). Spending plan and Accounting Act 1921 The Act required the requirement for the President to delicate a specific combined financial plan every year for thought by the Congress in offer to building up a synchronized government spending process. This Act likewise brought into usage the Bureau of the Budget that was planned for making the presidents’ methods for producing a delicate increasingly effective. Thus, this Act brought to presence the General Accounting Office the supported in responsibility checks of the Congress. What's more, this Act gave guidelines that hindered offices from proposing for advantageous allotments (Anderson, Davis and Gullo,... The paper tells that the government spending process has four primary capacities: liable for the advancement of the large scale monetary approach accomplished through the assurance of the extent of the administrative overflow or deficiency. Furthermore, the government spending process assumes a job in setting needs over the contending projects and undertakings requiring the allotment of the constrained assets. Thirdly, the government spending process assumes a job in advancing the responsibility of organizations liable for the usage of financial objectives contained in the financial plan. At long last, the government spending process has a capacity in advancing thought of the effects settled on by choices accumulated today in accordance with the financial plan, and economies of the possibility. Government spending process has advanced with time to suit the difficult monetary circumstances. On pertinence is the standardized savings advantage, which has credited to the expansion in gov ernment deficiency. This is since the government winds up acquiring more costs financing the old and repaying resigned laborers who are not carrying any salary to the country. The Congress has thought of options in contrast to the government disability advantage like the Individualized Retirement Account and Universal Pensions. Shortfalls in the government spending procedure can be amended by cutting on the use and expanding the GDP each financial year. The government spending process in offer to pad itself has additionally actualized the spending cuts where there is less cash available for use influencing the individual use.

Is Lucid Dreaming Dangerous The Truth Unveiled

Is Lucid Dreaming Dangerous The Truth Unveiled You get into bed at night, fall asleep and start dreaming. In your dream, things suddenly become very vivid, much like real life.You see yourself doing things you cannot in your real life, such as flying, or controlling your environment using your mind.When you realize that you can fly, you decide to fly off to the beaches of Caribbean, one of your dream vacation destinations, and you instantly find yourself there.That is when you realize that this is no ordinary dream. You realize that you are dreaming, and your dream self is responding to input from your conscious mind.In this state, you can do whatever you want to do or go wherever you want to go, with no constraints at all.You might not know it, but you are having a lucid dream. If you have never experienced such a thing, it might sound like fantasy.However, this is a very real phenomenon that you can also experience through lucid dreaming.WHAT IS LUCID DREAMING?According to medicinenet.com, lucid dreaming refers to an experience where you become aware that you are dreaming.When you are lucid dreaming, you gain the ability to observe your dream with the conscious realization that it is actually a dream.You can even control the activities and outcomes of your lucid dream. Lucid dreams occur when your brain switches into wakefulness while you are inside a dream.One study found out that when a person is lucid dreaming, there is increased activity in the pre-frontal cortex, a region of the brain that is associated with cognitive abilities and a sense of agency. This shows that lucid dreaming is a hybrid state of consciousness.When you are having a normal dream, your consciousness is usually shut down. You are not self-aware, neither can you think or make decisions.Despite being the one in the dream, things happen in autopilot mode. You have no control over what your dream self does.With a lucid dream, you are self-aware, you have the ability to make decisions within the dream, and you have control over what hap pens in the dream. Your brain can distinguish between the dream world and your reality.In a lucid dream, your brain knows that the dream world is a fantasy world where everything is possible. If things go against your expectations in a lucid dream, you have the ability to tell yourself to wake up. Lucid dreams are usually very vivid â€" you can see, hear, smell, taste and feel things the same way you do in your real life.The term lucid dream was coined by 1911 by a Dutch psychiatrist named Frederick van Eden to describe the experience where one takes an active role in a dream.In such a state, the dreamer can engage in activities which defy logic and the laws of nature, gravity, and even morality.This perhaps explains why many people use lucid dreaming to either fly or fulfill their sexual fantasies. Lucid dreaming can also help you find solutions to complex problems you have been grappling with. HOW TO HAVE LUCID DREAMSLucid dreaming is not a gift that is reserved for a chosen few. About half of the world’s population have or will experience at least one lucid dream in their lifetime.To majority of these people, lucid dreams occur naturally.The lucid dreams are sporadic and unpredictable. However, it has been scientifically proven that lucid dreams can be induced, and there is a growing community of enthusiasts who use different techniques to get into lucid dreams at will.The good thing is that anyone can learn these techniques and use them to get into lucid dreams.While there are several techniques of inducing lucid dreams, in this article we are going to look at the three most popular techniques.Reality TestingThis technique involves performing several reality checks throughout the course of your day to determine whether you are awake or dreaming. These checks could be anything, such as:Jumping in the airReading some textLooking at a clockPushing a finger through your opposite palmBefore attempting the reality check, ask yourself if you are awake or dreami ng. In the dream world, when you jump in the air you might float in the air for a while since your dream body will not be affected by gravity.Text appears scrambled or blurry in a dream, while a clock will show different times every time you look at it. Similarly, your finger will go through your palm if you are dreaming.Performing these reality checks does two things. First, the more you do it, the more the habit gets ingrained into your mind, and with time, you will find yourself performing these reality checks even when you are dreaming. Second, the checks will make it possible for you to distinguish between your dream self and your real self. These two factors will make it possible for you to realize when you are dreaming, thereby making you lucid.When using this technique, it is also helpful to keep a dream journal where you write down your dreams in detail immediately you wake up.This will train your mind to remember your dreams more clearly and recognize dream signs. Dream si gns are events, things or situations that recurrently appear in your dreams.Once you become familiar with your dream signs, your mind will recognize them in a dream and therefore help you realize that you are in a dream.Wake Back To Bed (WBTB)This method involves waking up after about five or six hours of sleep and then going back to sleep. You can do this by setting an alarm to wake you up.The aim here is to wake up while you are in the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage of your sleep, and then fall back to sleep.Since most lucid dreams happen during the REM stage, waking up for a short moment before going back to sleep makes your mind alert and then quickly takes you back to a dream world.By going back to REM sleep when your mind is more alert, you will have a higher chance of lucid dreaming. When you wake up while trying this technique, try as much as possible to keep your eyes shut.Mnemonic Induction of Lucid Dreams (MILD)This technique is done in bed, right before you fall asleep. Once you are comfortable in bed and ready to fall asleep, tell yourself that the next time you dream, you will know that you are dreaming.Keep repeating this to yourself and drift off to sleep with that thought in mind.As you repeat your mnemonic phrase, you can also think about the last dream you had and picture yourself in the dream. Look for the dream signs that signaled that it was a dream and not reality, such as the ability to fly.If you fall asleep with these thoughts and affirmations of your mnemonic phrase, there is a chance that you will achieve lucidity once your sleep gets to the REM stage.THE DANGERS OF LUCID DREAMINGWith the rising popularity of lucid dreaming, many people are eager to try it out, but many also have reservations about any dangers or negative side effects of the practice.These fears are not entirely baseless. While lucid dreaming has a lot of benefits, it also has some side effects which can put you off the practice for good.Some of the dangers usually associated with lucid dreaming include:AddictionMany people who practice lucid dreaming use it as a technique to experience an alternative reality, and like anything that is used to escape reality (drugs, sex, games, etc.), lucid dreaming can quickly become addictive.This is especially true in the first stages as you start experimenting with your new-found skill, and more so in cases where the dream world is more exciting than your reality.Once you learn how to lucid dream, you might find yourself looking forward to nighttime so that you can go to sleep and explore your dream world.You might also start waking up late so that you can spend more time in your dream world. Lucid dreaming becomes somewhat of an obsession, and if unchecked, it can have a negative impact on other things such as your work, your love life and social involvement.If you are always looking forward to sleep so that you can visit your dream world, then this is definitely going to affect your waking life.Getting T rapped In A DreamThis is a common fear that many people who have experimented with lucid dreaming experience. This fear results from something known as false awakenings, where someone who is having a lucid dream, in a bid to get from the dream, dreams about waking up.While it seems like you have actually woken up, something happens that makes you realize that you are still dreaming, that you are not fully awake. If this keeps recurring, it can get to a point where you do not know whether you are really awake, or if you are dreaming of waking up.This makes you feel like you are trapped in the dream world.Experiencing false awakenings can be very scary, especially if you are new to lucid dreaming. While you are aware that you are dreaming, you feel like there is nothing you can do to pull yourself from the dream world.While false awakenings are frightening, there is nothing to be worried about. You cannot get trapped in a dream.Eventually, you will wake up from the dream into reality. Once you realize this and stop fearing the false awakenings, you will even be able to enjoy your lucid dreams better.Sleep ParalysisThe loss of control over your limbs while asleep is one of the scariest aspects associated with lucid dreaming. Sleep paralysis is a normal part of sleep that happens to everyone.When you get into deep REM sleep, your body typically gets into a state of paralysis.The paralysis is a result of neurons in your brainstem blocking signals between your brain’s action-generating regions and the nerves in your spine and muscles.This keeps you from sleep walking at night or actually performing the activities playing out in your mind as you dream. Since most of us are usually not conscious during REM sleep, we do not realize that our bodies are in a state of paralysis.However, when lucid dreaming, you have some level of consciousness, therefore you might attempt to move your limbs in response to whatever is happening in your dream. However, since your body is i n sleep paralysis, it seems like you have lost control over your body movements, which can be very frightening.For instance, if you dreaming that something is chasing you and you try to run, it can be very terrifying to realize that your body is not responsive to your brain’s commands.Luckily, sleep paralysis is a normal and natural occurrence, so it something you should be scared of. Once you accept it as a natural part of your sleep, you will overcome the fear and allow yourself to enjoy the experience of lucid dreaming.The key thing is to remember that nothing will happen to you, even if you seem to have lost control over your body.Fighting it, on the other hand, can intensify the feeling and make it even more terrifying.ExhaustionSleep is typically supposed to leave you feeling fresh and rejuvenated when you wake up in the morning. Similarly, since lucid dreaming happens when you are in REM sleep, your body and mind should be able to get the amount of rest needed to ensure you wake up feeling fresh. Some lucid dreamers claim that they wake up feeling better after a night of lucid dreaming.However, this is not always the case. Sometimes, a night of lucid dreaming can leave you feeling very exhausted. This is mostly associated with the techniques used to induce lucid dreaming.Some people induce lucid dreaming using techniques that might tamper with their sleeping patterns, which in turn means that they do not get adequate sleep.If you wake up feeling exhausted every time you have a lucid dreaming experience, you should examine your techniques and find out if they affect your sleeping patterns.For instance, some techniques induce lucid dreaming by interrupting your sleep in the early hours of the morning, when you are more likely to be in REM sleep. While these techniques might be an effective way of getting you into lucid dreams, they might also be contributing to your exhaustion.Changing your techniques can get rid of the exhaustion.Alternatively, you can reduce the amount of time you spend trying to get into lucid dreams, ensuring that you get adequate, uninterrupted sleep for most of the week.Lucid NightmaresLucid dreaming is still dreaming, and like happens with ordinary dreams, your lucid dreams will sometimes turn into nightmares.Since you are self-aware, coupled with the fact that lucid dreams are usually more vivid than ordinary dreams, lucid nightmares can be extremely terrifying.Luckily, the fact that you are lucid also means that it is possible to exert some control over the nightmare.Therefore, if you are skilled at lucid dreaming, you can turn your lucid nightmares into pleasant dreams.You can also consciously remind yourself that you are in a dream, therefore making the nightmare less frightening.Fear of Sleep (Somniphobia)Sometimes, when learning how to lucid dream, you might end up having very vivid dreams but without the awareness that you are dreaming or the ability to control the dream.In such cases, having a night mare means that the nightmare would seem very realistic, yet you would have no control over the nightmare or have the ability to remind yourself that it is only a dream.In the event that the nightmares occur frequently, it can lead to a somniphobia, a situation where you become afraid of going to sleep because of the possibility of having nightmares.Inability To Distinguish Between Reality And DreamsThis is one of the most common side effect of lucid dreaming, and one of the leading reasons as to why many people are afraid of attempting lucid dreaming.Since you experience the events in your lucid dream world the same way you experience events in your real world, your mind might get mixed up about events that happened when you were lucid dreaming and that those actually happened in the real world.Memories from your dream world and your real world might become jumbled. For instance, if you are walking in your home town and you bump into a friend in your lucid dream, you might remember it as something that actually happened, even though it did not.In extreme cases, your conscious mind might tell you that you are in a dream even when you are awake, leading to irrational behaviors.A good way to prevent this is to have a dream journal where you record every single dream you have.This way, if you are unable to distinguish something that happened in your dreams from something that happened in real life, you can always refer to your dream journal.HOW TO AVOID THE DANGERS OF LUCID DREAMINGWhile there are some side effects associated with lucid dreaming, the good part is that you can take some action to prevent these side effects.Some of the ways you can avoid the dangers of lucid dreaming include:Learn The Right Way To Lucid DreamSome techniques such as WBTB might affect your sleeping pattern if you are unable to fall back to sleep after waking up in the early hours of the morning, leading to exhaustion and daytime drowsiness. The key, therefore, is to mix up your lucid dreaming techniques.For instance, you might only decide to attempt WBTB on weekends, while using reality checks and MILD for the weekdays. This way, you will be guaranteed of adequate sleep every week.Meditating every day is also a good habit that will make you more alert when you are awake and improve your chances of lucid dreaming without affecting your sleeping patterns.Keep In Mind That It’s Just A DreamWhatever you come across during your lucid dream, always remind yourself that it is just a dream and that you will eventually wake up.Doing this will help keep you from getting frightened by your lucid dreams and will make it easier for you to become more experimental and explorative.Avoid Making Lucid Dreaming An ObsessionLearning how to lucid dream can be very exciting, and it is possible to find yourself looking forward to lucid dreaming every night. If unchecked, this can quickly become an addiction.The key is to realize that, like everything else in life, lucid dreaming s hould be done in moderation. Instead of attempting to lucid dream every night, aim for just one or two nights every week.You should also be active in your waking life and try to make some achievements and have some fun. If your waking life is dull, lucid dreaming can quickly become an obsession, a way for you to escape your reality.Give In To The ProcessOne of the reasons most people experience some of these side effects of lucid dreaming is because they try to fight them. The way our brains are wired, worrying about something actually attracts these very thing.Therefore, if you worry about false awakenings every time you attempt to lucid dream, you are actually more likely to experience the false awakenings.The key, therefore, is to give in to the process and let things come to you. After all, you are just dreaming, and no harm can come to you from a dream.Therefore, even when you experience a nightmare while lucid dreaming, instead of trying to fight it, acknowledge that it is a d ream and face your fears in your nightmare.Giving yourself to the process is the only way you will be able to gain control over your lucid dreams.Use Reality ChecksUsing reality checks is the best way to avoid being unable to distinguish between your dream world and your real world.Making it a habit to perform reality checks every morning when you wake up can help you avoid false awakenings.When you perform a reality check in your false awakening, you will realize that you are still dreaming, therefore your false awakening will not leave you disoriented.Reality checks will also help you know when you are dreaming and when you are awake, which is important for achieving lucidity.You can perform reality checks by performing actions that defy physics or trying to affect your environment with your mind.For instance, you can try to make something disappear from your environment using your mind. This will succeed in a dream world, whereas it is impossible in the real world.FINAL WORDThere are some dangers associated with lucid dreaming, the phenomenon where you gain awareness while in your dreams. Luckily, most of these side effects are only minor.They will not cause any huge impacts in your life. In addition, you can avoid most of them by learning to lucid dream the right way, keeping in mind that it is only a dream, practicing in moderation, giving in to the process and using reality checks.

What Is True Self Awareness Will Ever Be Possible For...

It s hard to say whether true self-awareness will ever be possible for machines, but many scientists predict this is not only possible, but just around the corner. Maybe we need to start thinking about the social ramifications involved in a world where we are no longer the only intelligent beings on the planet. After all, if our new machine friends feel mistreated, we don t want it to result in a skynet-like scenario. Are we already off to a bad start? Are we developing a culture of inequality toward AI? Parents are voicing concerns about the way their kids are treating Alexa, the AI personal voice assistant which Amazon has adopted for its Amazon Echo Speaker/device. Amazon Echo is a cloud-based AI that listens to people’s questions and commands, then accesses the appropriate application to fulfill the request. It’s a sophisticated program with cloud-based access to over 100 applications, which means Alexa can do a wide variety of things for you, including order a pizza, play your favorite song, give you a weather report and she even tells jokes. Also, Alexa has a machine learning architecture that enables her to adapt to your voice patterns, which means she will get even smarter over time. Since Amazon Echo’s release in 2014 it has grown rapidly in popularity, which has prompted Apple and Google to develop similar products. Apple has begun adopting its Siri program to a similar platform, and Google has already announced its equivalent program, Google Home. Children,Show MoreRelatedEmotion As Described And Theorized By Antonio Damasio1366 Words   |  6 PagesDamasio’s work to explain how Block and Chalmers distinguish between conscious awareness and conscious experience. 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New Orleans The Big Easy - 762 Words

Mardi Gras City. Crescent City. The Big Easy. Jazz City. The Party City. The only city that can be identify by its history and people still know the name, New Orleans. New Orleans is the kind of city that can be toured 100 times and learn something new. New Orleans is not a tourist area because of entertainment it bring to people, but the rich history. New Orleans is a city that was own by the French and the Spanish. The various culture that can from immigrants brought New Orleans to where it is today. New Orleans has many positive aspect, but also negative one. There are four monuments in the city that represent the Confederacy. General P.G.T. Beauregard, Jefferson Davis, and General Robert E. Lee were all at one point the President of the Confederacy. The battle of Liberty place monument represent the Confederacy attacking Louisiana State Government. A time where the United States of America was split into two. This was called the Civil War. Theses three individuals and the symbol of the battle of the Confederacy are put on pedestals around the city. The people who put these statues up wanted to keep slavery and white supremacy over others. It just makes since that now in this day in age, we do not praise these individuals for wanted to keep slavery. New Orleans can move ahead with plans to remove prominent Confederate monuments from the city s streets. A federal judge ruled Tuesday, delivering a blow to preservationists and a chapter of the Sons of ConfederateShow MoreRelatedComparison Between City London And New Orleans1094 Words   |  5 PagesI will compare my city London to New Orleans. I will investigate and compare them to each other which is going to be easy I hope you enjoy me explaining to you their similarities and difference. 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Corruption had become a culture, a way of life for some officers in New Orleans, where supervisors dismissed allegations. Could the use of Rotten Apple mechanism help reduce the corruption in the NOPD? Comparatively, could the application of the Rotten Barrel models provide protection from police misconduct during an investigation? Culture of Corruption New Orleans has been

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Answer all the questions. Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question. Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity is needed, use 10 m s-2. We will write a custom essay sample on Answer pastpaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of an electronic calculator is expected, where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper, and questions carrying larger numbers of marks later in the paper. This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page. UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 A car of mass 700 kg is travelling along a straight horizontal road. The resistance to motion is constant and equal to 600 N. (i) Find the driving force of the car’s engine at an instant when the acceleration is 2 m s-2. Given that the car’s speed at this instant is 15 m s-l , car’s engine is working. find the rate at which the A load of mass 1250 kg is raised by a crane from rest on horizontal ground, to rest at a height of 1. 54 m above the ground. The work done against the resistance to motion is 5750 J. (i) Find the work done by the crane. (it) Assuming the power output of the crane is constant and equal to 1. 25 kW, find the time taken to raise the load. 3 q 15. 5 N A small smooth ring R of weight 8. 5 N is threaded on a light inextensible string. The ends of the string are attached to fixed points A and B, with A vertically above B. A horizontal force of magnitude 15. 5 N acts on R so that the ring is in equilibrium with ngle ARB = 900 . The part AR of the string makes an angle B with the horizontal and the part BR makes an angle B with the vertical (see diagram). The tension in the string is T N. Show that T sin 12 and T cos B = 3. 5 and hence find B . [6] 4 A block of mass 11 kg is at rest on a rough plane inclined at 300 to the horizontal. A force acts on the block in a direction up the plane parallel to a line of greatest slope. When the magnitude of the force is 2X N the block is on the point of sliding down the plane, and when the magnitude of the force is 9X N the block is on the point of liding up the plane. How to cite Answer pastpaper, Papers

The Education System and Factors of Technology

Introduction The education system is attributed to divergent technological aspects in the world. There are factors of technology that require changes in teaching practices to facilitate efficient and effective learning. Perceptions of students have been evaluated by researchers throughout the world. It has been identified that the students have different capacities in understanding (Simon and Karen 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Education System and Factors of Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, each learner has a strategy in which s/he attains information. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have advanced the delivery of ideas learners in diversities of techniques. However, these areas have not been accepted fully into the current teaching mechanism. Probably, there are some factors that prevent exploitation of this fast growing area in other sectors. For this reason, I d ecided to search for two articles that could give ideas and clues about exploitation of ICT in education systems. Consequently, I identified two articles with the following titles. The value of ICT from a learning game-playing perspective (McNeill and Joan 2012). Integrating traditional learning and games on large displays: An experimental study (Ardito et al. 2013). These were the articles that I used to review and evaluate the contents. This report will, therefore, lay the basis on reviewing the two articles and summarizing the key elements in their contents. McNeill and Joan (2012) performed a research to evaluate ICT case of PETE (physical education teacher education). They paid attention to the influences of vodcasts on teaching learners. Their research extended to the playing techniques and game teaching strategies. Their research was an extension of another research performed in 2010. For instance, the discoveries of McNeill et al. (2010) were referred in the relations exis ting between vodcasts and podcasts. They were trying to investigate whether the potentials of podcasts could apply in vodcasts. In achieving their research goals, McNeill and Joan (2012) collected data through social media, questionnaires, emails, face to face survey and e-portfolio.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The methodology of this research is rooted in the comparisons of podcasts and vodcasts effectiveness. Initially, students had high perception on learning and teaching through podcast. Consequently, the investigations performed through post-graduates ideas targeted on investigating their uses when playing and teaching. This section was divided into pedagogical context and research procedures. The pedagogical context incorporated narration of a case involving a coordinator and instructor (Mike). Mike applied podcasts and vodcasts in his teaching. Class meetings were held two times every week for twelve weeks. On research procedures, a list on data evaluation strategies was taken. For instance, Mike adopted the reflections of teaching applied in the vodcasts. They met with another author where they discussed the behaviors and views of students. Other forms of replies were collected from the smart phone sessions. In fact, encouragement systems were invented to improve the chances of feedbacks. Joan created vigor on the students to reply in the adopted system. Different participants were involved in this research. First, there was teacher-researcher who involved the authors of the articles. Mike and Joan were the authors. Mike was experienced since he had interacted with PETE for twenty five years and had participated in secondary school P.E for eighteen years. Secondly, they involved the PETE students who were aware about the objectives of the study and processes. Students used cameras to take videos during class time. This was a source of data that coul d be used for research review. Also, Joan took notes from field work for reference purposes and as a record for future use. Another strategy applied when collecting data is survey. Joan applied survey strategies that involved questionnaires. Also, all students were invited after completing assessments to give their view on the application of vodcasts in teaching. This survey was similar to another performed initially by McNeill et al. (2010). The questionnaires had 29 questions that evaluated the ideas and retrieved data for research. The other strategy was applied when returning the questionnaires. Every sixth students on class register were selected to participate on focus group interview. Other sources of the data taken were through instant message reflective prompts, emails and e-portfolio reflections.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Education System and Factors of Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn M ore The research was presented under results on two partitions. The sections relate ICT and learning to play or teach games. The discussion alleged that commercial learning materials are similar to teacher-made references. Cost of initiating the digital studies was a challenge for students at personal and administrative level. Ardito et al. (2013) indicated that ICT has a credible opportunity to make changes in the education system. They suggested that researchers should identify strategies to exploit the current technological advances. The researchers presented a research report that tried to support the application a new education strategies. This research presented integration of educational games through multi-touch presentation for classes. It was performed on six primary schools where its potentiality was identified. This research managed to reveal that the games involve pupils, constrict their knowhow and facilitate collaboration. According to this research, it is not possi ble to eliminate teachers from class. However, they could be applied to facilitate proper learning paths of pupils in education. Additionally, the research described how the traditional learning techniques can be fused with educational games to improve the perception of pupils. Bruner (1990) presented Discovery Learning strategies that he believes to be effective in enhancing perception. To affirm their research, they conducted a study on one hundred and seven pupils from 2 grade 5 classes. Pupils showed interest and participated remarkably in the education system under test. The basis of this research was earlier researches performed by Sluis et al. (2004). According to Sluis et al. (2004) children of around 6 years are assisted by these games during development. This rooted the basis for research testing to either approve or disapprove the postulation. Additionally, the researcher reviewed the work performed by Bruner (1990) and identified that learning perception is partitioned i nto 3 parts. A pupil attends lessons, acts in practical functions or interacts with tools of technology. The research presented the ideas of learning when using the large multi-touch screens. It described that these screens were visible for many pupil, easy to carry and facilitated interactions between pupils.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Field research took a period of 4 weeks that were partitioned in accordance to the phases of action. The symbolic phase involved a basic introduction of Egnathia. An active phase incorporated taking pupils to Egnathia archeological park. Finally, pupils were grouped into 4 or 5 for iconic phase. They went to school laboratory with multi-touch displays for 15 minutes and filled the distinguished puzzles. Evaluation was, then, performed through a true/false test that pupils took in the school. The results were categorized into learning, behavior, performance and perception. 27 questions were administered to pupil after the study that targeted to measure learning. It was, therefore, applied after using the history puzzle. An average of 7.12 scores was attained in the questions. It was determined that most time was lost on wading across the puzzles and watching multimedia. Although some groups complete the puzzle well, there were fearsome disputes on 5 of the 13 groups. Performance rate ascended due to familiarity with the puzzles. The first puzzle was the hardest while the others became easy and enlightening with time. However, pupils were not able to express their idea on questionnaire. Consequently, focus group data was collected and defined. It implied that trip and multi-touch display had the highest tally of positive feedbacks. Conclusively, the researcher identified that use of multi-touch displays plays a vital role in the learning of students. It approved the appropriateness of the proposed education system in learning. Comparing Findings It is apparent that there are elements of similarities, contradictions, and deviations in the finding of this research. First, the two articles are setting on advancing the learning techniques through technology. The first article had a target to evaluate the application of vodcasts in learning and teaching methods. Similarly, a technique that is quite similar to vodcasts has been recommended in the second articles. It w as identified that instruction is a vital element. The technology advancements cannot be used as a substitute for a teacher. Instead, the advances are applied to facilitate better and efficient instruction strategies than those existing today. Researchers of the two articles have considered student level of satisfaction with the new ideas. They assumed that students’ appreciation marked better learning mechanisms. Data collections assumed an identical strategy that incorporated note taking, surveys, focus groups and facial behaviors. Results portrayed that learner had an interest in the new educational systems understudy in each article. However, there is more capture deviation than similarities. The two researches are about learner with different capacities for logical analysis. The first article presented postgraduate while the other presented pupils between the age of 5 and 7 years. Consequently, the categories of information substantiation could be imperative and divergen t for the two groups. Probably, this could explain why postgraduates rated low on video-clips while pupils enjoy the puzzles. Collection of data portrayed differences in decision making between the two groups. In the article 1, students managed to fill the questionnaires because they could evaluate them and decide answer. However, pupils had not attained a level to make such decision. For this reason, they left the questionnaires unanswered. Consequently, it could be established that they cannot be made responsible for the decisions made in the education system. Otherwise, they should not be incorporated in the idea processes. Postgraduates appreciated game-pedagogy in a similar manner as instructors’ methods. However, pupils do not recognize the class time in teaching. Instead, they remembered about the trip and puzzles. Probably, these were jovial but not entirely educational. However, since their understanding and enlightenment improved with time, the techniques could have credible potentials in mitigating perception basis on practice. Key Elements for Education Practice The articles have many identifiable elements of educational practices. A well reviewed article usually has a strategic arrangement of idea. For instance, there must be well supported postulations under conclusion. This implies that a research must be done to prove these allegations. In the following paragraphs, I will explain the strategies in which the two articles aligned with the education practices. Vision and Values Introductions used in the two articles played vital roles of initiation on the causes and necessities of the researches. Apparently, it is vital to state and declare the directions of a research before making other plans. The articles had the abstracts and introduction to satisfy these educational necessities. Exploration and Challenge The reports laid their basis on previous researches. For instance, each article had a review on previous literatures. They retrieved idea and evaluated them to raise the research that was performed. This arose due to challenges such as unanswered questions or unresolved problems. Procedures and Applications The researchers identified different strategies of finding data. The method involved most available people such as students and pupils. Random and non random techniques were applied to retrieve data. For instance, data was collected through focus data that involve non-randomized data collection techniques. The available knowledge was applied adequately to perform a viable test. Outcomes This is a part that records the results of research for a learner after publication. Every research report must incorporate this section. The two articles managed to exploit these parts explicitly. Data was recorded, explained and presented in tables. Discussion and conclusions These parts were assessed through a technique of evaluating the results. It tried to determine the relationships of the collected data. After making a d iscussion on the research results, the supported points were presented in the conclusions. Apart from these issues, it has been identified that the two recommendations supports the teacher performances in class. The articles need to be implemented in the teaching mechanism to improve the level of perception. Consequently, there is room for incorporation since this does not fight with the current education system. However, since the research on children portrayed loss of time at the initial stages, it must be evaluated comprehensively before approval. This is not in line with educational practices. Educational practices recommended proper and strict time allocation and obedience. Therefore, if this system could waste the time of pupils learning, proper managerial standard must be implemented to discuss the viability of the multi-touch display in learning. Education practices have, also, been applied when using the 3 phases in the article 2. Practical and technological teaching strate gies included the needs on observation and practices. Learning was tested in pupils after performing the puzzles task. This is an educational practice that facilitates in measuring of learning. In the article 1, focus group method and questionnaires were given to student after exams. This prevented distraction during exam time. Distractions lead to failure in exams. Consequently, the researchers applied proper education practices to avoid deviating the mind setting of the students. However, disputes and loss of time implied that an instructor was absent when the pupils were filling the puzzles. This is inappropriate since it deviates from the proper education practices recommended for close pupil-teacher intervention when giving instructions. Conclusion This research has raised the capacities and potential of technology in learning. Two reviewed articles had strong capacities of enacting the need of technology in learning. If these researches progress, ideas will be raised to approv e electronic education in the globe. This will facilitate fast learning and form an integrated system of education. In this way, student will learn without attend class at one place. Works Cited Ardito, Carmelo, Lanzilotti Rosa, Costabile Maria and Desolda Giuseppe. â€Å"Integrating Traditional Learning and Games on Large Displays: An Experimental Study.† Educational Technology Society 16.1 (2013): 44-56. Print. Bruner, Jerome. Acts of meaning. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1990. Print. McNeill, Michael, and Joan Fry. â€Å"The Value of ICT from a Learning Game-playing Perspective.† Journal of Research 7.1 (2012): 45-52. Print. McNeill, Michael, Mukherjee S, and G. Singh. â€Å"The Value of ICT from a Learning Game-playing Perspective.† Journal of Research 5.1 (2010): 16-19. Print. Simon, Fran, and Karen N. Nemeth. Podcasting in physical education teacher education. Journal of Research Lewisville, NC: Gryphon House, 2012. Print. Sluis, Mill, Illoc Weevers, Haiders Schijndel and Salius Fitrianie. Designing a Museum Multi-Touch Table for Children. Canada: Vancouver, 2004. Print. This report on The Education System and Factors of Technology was written and submitted by user Jayce Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.